"Virus Protection vs. Virus Scanning"
Virus Protection: When an anti-virus program "guards" against any viruses, It will alert you when a virus is detected and remove the virus before damage can occur.

Virus Scanning: When an anti-virus program is "summoned" by you to check a specific disk for any viruses. If any are found, they are removed.

Ideally, you want to perform both functions: protect your system at all times and scan any disks you suspect are infected.